LINUX Cheat Sheet – knowings.

Basic Commands

Configuring user information used across all local repositories.

ls	Show all files and directories present in the working directory
ls -l	Show all files and directories along with details like ownership, size, and when they were last modified
ls -t	Sort the output of ls by last modified date
pwd	List the path of the current working directory
cd directory	Switch to a different working directory
cd ..	Move up one directory level
cd /	Switch to the root directory
clear	Wipe out all the text from the terminal screen
history	Print out all the previously executed commands in the current session
touch filename	Create a new file
vi filename	Open a file for editing
cat filename	Display the contents of a file
hostnamectl	List system information, including kernel, release, architecture, and virtualization etc
ipconfig	Show the network interfaces, IP addresses, and MAC address of the system
date	Print the current system date and time
top	List all the running processes on the system
free -m	Show memory usage stats
head filename	Display the first 10 lines of a file
tail filename	Display the last 10 lines of a file
mv file /new/file/path	Move the file to a different location
mv filename new_filename	Rename a file
cp filename new_filename	Copy a file
man command_name	List helpful information regarding a command
rm filename	Delete a file
rm -rf directory_name	Remove a directory and its contents
sudo	For regular users to run commands with elevated privileges
mkdir directory_name	Create a new directory
kill pid	Kill a process using its process ID
reboot	Restart the system
shutdown -h now	Turn off the system

Networking Commands

Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories.

git init [directory]	Initialize an existing directory as a Git repository. Run with no arguments to initialize the current directory as a git repository.
git clone [url]	Retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL.

Stage & Snapshot

Working with snapshots and the Git staging area.

git status	Show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit.
git add [file]	Add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage).
git reset [file]	Unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory.
git diff	Diff of what is changed but not staged.
git diff –staged	Diff of what is staged but not yet commited.
git commit -m “[descriptive message]”	Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot.

Branch & Merge

Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes

git branch	*List your branches. a will appear next to the currently active branch.**
git branch [branch-name]	Create a new branch at the current commit.
git checkout	Switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory.
git merge [branch]	Merge the specified branch’s history into the current one.
git log	Show all commits in the current branch’s history.

Inspect & Compare

Examining logs, diffs and object information.

git log	Show the commit history for the currently active branch.
git log branchB..branchA	Show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB.
git log –follow [file]	Show the commits that changed file, even across renames.
git diff branchB…branchA	Show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB.
git show [SHA]	Show any object in Git in human-readable format.

Share & Update

Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos

git remote add [alias] [url]	Add a git URL as an alias.
git fetch [alias]	Fetch down all the branches from that Git remote.
git merge [alias]/[branch]	Merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date.
git push [alias] [branch]	Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch.
git pull	Fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch.

Tracking Path Changes

Versioning file removes and path changes

git rm [file]	Delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit.
git mv [existing-path] [new-path]	Change an existing file path and stage the move.
git log –stat -M	Show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved.

Rewrite History

Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history

git rebase [branch	Apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one.
git reset –hard [commit]	Clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit.

Ignoring Patterns

Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files.

*logs/.notespattern/*	Save a file with desired paterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs.
git config –global core.excludesfile [file]	System wide ignore patern for all local repositories

Temporary Commits

Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches.

git stash	Save modified and staged changes.
git stash list	List stack-order of stashed file changes.
git stash pop	Write working from top of stash stack.
git config –global core.excludesfile [file]	Discard the changes from top of stash stack.

100+ Linux Commands Cheat Sheet